What transcription process is enhanced by NusG during transcription elongation?

NusG plays a significant role in enhancing transcription elongation. During the transcription process, elongation involves the RNA polymerase enzyme synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. NusG functions as a transcription elongation factor that interacts with RNA polymerase and helps maintain stable and productive transcription. It promotes the efficient addition of ribonucleotides to the growing RNA chain, thereby facilitating rapid and continuous elongation.

The presence of NusG helps in preventing premature termination of transcription and enhances the overall process by assisting in the recruitment of additional factors that may be necessary for optimal elongation. These interactions contribute to a more robust and thorough transcription process, ensuring that genes are properly expressed.

In contrast, the other choices do not align with NusG's function. Termination refers to the end of transcription; initiation involves the assembly of necessary components for starting transcription; and translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the RNA transcript. NusG's role is specifically connected to the elongation phase of transcription, making this the correct answer.