How many GTFs does RNAP2 require?

RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) requires a total of six general transcription factors (GTFs) for the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes. These factors are essential for the formation of the pre-initiation complex, allowing RNAP2 to properly bind to the promoter of the gene being transcribed.

The six GTFs involved in this process are TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH. Each performs a specific role; for instance, TFIID recognizes and binds to the TATA box or other promoter elements, while TFIIH has helicase activity that unwinds the DNA, allowing RNAP2 access to the template strand for RNA synthesis.

This set of factors is crucial because they help to recruit RNAP2 to the correct transcription start site and facilitate several steps, including the unwinding of the DNA and the initiation of RNA synthesis. This makes them indispensable for the accurate and regulated expression of genes in eukaryotic cells.