What is the main function of tRNA during protein synthesis?

The primary role of tRNA, or transfer RNA, in protein synthesis is to transport amino acids to the ribosome, where protein synthesis occurs. Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon that pairs with corresponding codons on the mRNA strand, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. This process is essential for translating the genetic code into a functional protein.

By bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome in accordance with the sequence of codons on the mRNA, tRNA plays a crucial intermediary role in the translation stage of gene expression. The efficiency of this process depends on the accurate matching between the tRNA, its associated amino acid, and the mRNA codon it recognizes, which is critical for producing proteins with the correct structure and function.