What is the primary function of chaperone proteins?

Chaperone proteins play a crucial role in ensuring that polypeptides fold correctly into their functional three-dimensional shapes. Proper protein folding is essential for biological activity, and misfolded proteins can lead to aggregation, loss of function, or even diseases. Chaperones assist nascent and unfolded proteins by providing an environment that prevents improper interactions while promoting correct folding pathways. They may also help refold misfolded proteins or assist in the assembly of multi-subunit complexes.

Transport of proteins across cell membranes, catalysis of biochemical reactions, and post-translational modifications are important functions in cellular processes, but they are not the primary role of chaperone proteins. Instead, chaperones are specifically geared towards assisting with protein folding rather than these other functions.