What is the primary function of RNA polymerase?

The primary function of RNA polymerase is to catalyze the synthesis of RNA. This enzyme plays a crucial role during the process of transcription, where it binds to a specific region on the DNA template and facilitates the formation of an RNA strand by linking ribonucleotides in a sequence that complements the DNA template strand.

As RNA polymerase moves along the DNA, it unwinds the double helix and assembles the RNA nucleotides in the 5’ to 3’ direction, resulting in a single strand of RNA that is a copy of the gene being expressed. This process is essential for translating the genetic information encoded in DNA into functional products, such as proteins, by producing messenger RNA (mRNA) that can then be translated at the ribosome.

Without the action of RNA polymerase, the first step of gene expression would not occur, making it vital for the proper functioning of the cell and overall biological processes.